Translation Theory and Practice

👉 Choose your language MUST vs HAVE TO vs NEED TO in Business English: Obligation or Necessity? In business communication, obligations and necessities are everywhere: contracts, negotiations, presentations, emails. But English offers several ways to express them — must, have to, need to. At first glance, they seem interchangeable. In reality, each carries a different […]

Choose your language TL;DR: Discourse = language in a real situation (who speaks, to whom, where, why, and with what effect).Discourse analysis = a practical way to unpack how meaning is created beyond words: intention, tone, roles, background knowledge, power, setting—everything that makes the same sentence mean different things. A one-minute story You tell a […]

Choose your language: https://levitintymur.com/#languages Introduction At first glance, “business day” and “working day” seem interchangeable. Yet in contracts, banking, and labor law, they create different rights and obligations. A deadline in business days may expire earlier than one in working days. A vacation entitlement in working days is not the same as in calendar days. […]

📌 Choose your language: 🔗 https://levitintymur.com/#languages ✍️ Author’s Column by Tymur Levitin — founder, director, and senior teacher at Start Language School by Tymur Levitin / Levitin Language School© Tymur Levitin. All rights reserved. Translation logic, examples, and structure — original author methodology. ⚖️ Why Legal Translation from Eastern Europe Requires Extra Care Legal documents […]

📘 Legal terminology that’s easy to misread — and dangerous to mistranslate 👤 Author: Tymur Levitin — founder, director, and senior teacher at Levitin Language School 📍 Choose your language:🔗 https://levitintymur.com/#languages ⚖️ Why English Legal Terms Require More Than Just Translation English court terminology is widely used around the world — in legal contracts, immigration, […]

Deadlines, transfers, and vacation—clear rules across countries Choose your language: https://levitintymur.com/#languages Why this topic matters Have you ever waited for your salary or a bank transfer, only to hear: “It’s not a business day”?Or tried to calculate your vacation and realized it depends on whether the law says calendar days or working days? In contracts, […]

👉 Choose your language In Business English, tiny words decide big outcomes. Shall is one of those words.Schoolbooks often say shall = will. Real business doesn’t. In contracts, emails, and at the negotiating table, using (or avoiding) shall changes meaning, leverage, and risk. Key takeaways (read this first) 1) What grammar says vs what business […]

Legal terminology you can’t afford to mistranslate Author: Tymur Levitin — founder, director, and senior teacher at Levitin Language School🔗 Choose your language: https://levitintymur.com/#languages Understanding the Difference: Not All Court Documents Are Equal Legal translation is never just about language — it’s about legal systems. Ukrainian court documents come in different legal forms: рішення, ухвала, […]

Author: Tymur Levitin — founder, director, and senior teacher at Levitin Language School 📍 Choose your language: 🔗 https://levitintymur.com/#languages Understanding the Basics: German Court Documents and Their Roles In German legal practice, not all court documents are created equal. Terms like Urteil, Beschluss, Entscheidung, and Urkunde may seem interchangeable — but they are not. Understanding […]

Author: Tymur Levitin© Tymur Levitin — founder and head teacher of Levitin Language School / Start Language School by Tymur LevitinCategory: Legal Language and Translation Introduction Prepositions look tiny, but they move billions. In business and in law, one wrong choice between by, until, or through can decide whether a payment is late, a contract […]